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音頻科普：不再讓菠蘿渣成為垃圾
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音頻科普：不再讓菠蘿渣成為垃圾
?Costa Rican scientists are extracting valuable materials from the peel and stubble of pineapples.哥斯達黎加的科學(xué)家們從菠蘿的皮和切口處提取出了珍貴的化學(xué)原料。
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撰文\播音：黛比·龐徹納（Debbie Ponchner）
翻譯：陳美娟
校對：張藝簫
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Pineapples—just thinking about?this delicious tropical fruit, rich in vitamin C, might make your mouth water. But have you ever stopped to think where the peel and other waste from this crop end up?
菠蘿——光是想想這種美味的富含維他命C的熱帶水果就會讓你流口水。但對于這種作物的皮和尾部被浪費的部分你會想到什么呢？
We do here in the?small country of Costa Rica, the world’s largest producer of pineapples. Pineapple production generates about 4.5 million tons of crop residues every year in our Central American nation.
我們現(xiàn)在在哥斯達黎加，一個生產(chǎn)世界上最多菠蘿的小國家。每年，中美洲的菠蘿產(chǎn)業(yè)都會產(chǎn)生450萬噸的植物殘渣。
And that waste is tough stuff. The plant is made of strong cellulose that takes a long time to biodegrade. And most of it is either burnt or ends up dumped in open forests, where disease-causing mosquitoes and fungi thrive off its high sugar content.
這些作物垃圾都很硬。這種植物由致密的纖維素構(gòu)成，生物分解需要花很長時間。它們多數(shù)不是被燒掉就是被扔到叢林里，而叢林里致病的蚊蟲和真菌靠攫取這些高糖分的內(nèi)芯生存。
But hidden in pineapple peels is a treasure—of nanomaterials. Scientists at Costa Rica’s National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC) have been extracting valuable nanocellulose from the peel and stubble of the pineapple. This nanocellulose?can be used in the pharmaceutical, food and medical industries.
然而，藏在菠蘿皮里的物質(zhì)是珍貴的納米材料。哥斯達黎加國家納米技術(shù)實驗室(LANOTEC)的科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)在菠蘿的果皮和切口處提取出珍貴的納米纖維了。這種納米纖維可以應(yīng)用到制藥、食品和醫(yī)療行業(yè)中。
And it turns out that, while harvesting that nanocellulose, you can also get rosettelike silica-based microparticles. These tiny traces have potential as reinforcement in adhesives, in the biomedical field, and even as a source of silica for fertilizers. Scientists from LANOTEC describe these applications in the journal?Scientific Reports. [Yendry R. Corrales-Ure?a et al.,?Biogenic silica-based microparticles obtained as a sub-product of the nanocellulose extraction process rom pineapple peels]
結(jié)果證明，在收獲這種納米纖維的同時還能獲得玫瑰狀的二氧化硅微粒。這些微小顆粒有潛力應(yīng)用到粘合劑制造業(yè)、生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域甚至是化肥加工業(yè)。哥斯達黎加國家納米技術(shù)實驗室的科學(xué)家們將這些應(yīng)用發(fā)表在《科學(xué)報告》雜志上。
José R. Vega-Baudrit is the director of LANOTEC and one of the authors of the paper. “Pineapple residue is something that has been studied a lot, but nobody had seen this particle in the skin of the fruit.”
何塞·r.·維加-博德里（José R. Vega-Baudrit）是哥斯達黎加國家納米技術(shù)實驗室的負責(zé)人和報告的作者之一。他說：“菠蘿肥料的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)被研究了很久，但沒有人曾經(jīng)在這種水果的表皮發(fā)現(xiàn)這種物質(zhì)。”
It was chemical engineer and material scientist?Yendry Corrales-Ure?a?who noticed the silica-based microparticles.
正是身為化學(xué)工程師和材料科學(xué)家的閆德利·科拉萊斯-烏雷納（Yendry Corrales-Ure?a）發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種玫瑰型的二氧化硅微粒。
“I began to study the plant, to make the cuts, to see what it had, and incredibly, after doing the synthesis, I began to see those rosettes, like flowers, that did not fall apart under duress. It was wonderful. We had thousands, millions, of the same structures left over.”
“我開始研究這種植物，制造切口，觀察里面有什么，然后讓我驚訝的是，做了合成之后我看到了那種像花一樣的玫瑰型物質(zhì)，它不會因為碾壓而分散。這太神奇了。我們留下了千萬個有相同結(jié)構(gòu)的物質(zhì)。”
The pineapple silica differs from silica nanospheres that are synthesized in labs for various applications.
菠蘿二氧化硅與那些應(yīng)用很廣的實驗室二氧化硅納米球不同。
YCU: “This is a silica that the pineapple plant processes on its own, and it is of very high purity.”
閆德利·科拉萊斯-烏雷納說：“這是一種菠蘿自身合成的二氧化硅，純度很高。”
Most commercial fertilizers use silica. And Corrales-Ure?a’s main interest in the rosettelike silica-based microparticles is as a fertilizer component. The next steps in that line of research will be to determine if parts other than the peels also have silica nanoparticles, and to develop an efficient fertilizer using them.
大多商用化肥含有二氧化硅。閆德利·科拉萊斯-烏雷納主要感興趣的是玫瑰型二氧化硅微粒作為化肥原料的效用。研究計劃的下一步將會確定菠蘿除了皮之外的其他部分是否也會含有二氧化硅納米顆粒，以及怎樣利用它們研發(fā)出一種高效的化肥。
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?Costa Rican scientists are extracting valuable materials from the peel and stubble of pineapples.哥斯達黎加的科學(xué)家們從菠蘿的皮和切口處提取出了珍貴的化學(xué)原料。
?
撰文\播音：黛比·龐徹納（Debbie Ponchner）
翻譯：陳美娟
校對：張藝簫
?
Pineapples—just thinking about?this delicious tropical fruit, rich in vitamin C, might make your mouth water. But have you ever stopped to think where the peel and other waste from this crop end up?
菠蘿——光是想想這種美味的富含維他命C的熱帶水果就會讓你流口水。但對于這種作物的皮和尾部被浪費的部分你會想到什么呢？
We do here in the?small country of Costa Rica, the world’s largest producer of pineapples. Pineapple production generates about 4.5 million tons of crop residues every year in our Central American nation.
我們現(xiàn)在在哥斯達黎加，一個生產(chǎn)世界上最多菠蘿的小國家。每年，中美洲的菠蘿產(chǎn)業(yè)都會產(chǎn)生450萬噸的植物殘渣。
And that waste is tough stuff. The plant is made of strong cellulose that takes a long time to biodegrade. And most of it is either burnt or ends up dumped in open forests, where disease-causing mosquitoes and fungi thrive off its high sugar content.
這些作物垃圾都很硬。這種植物由致密的纖維素構(gòu)成，生物分解需要花很長時間。它們多數(shù)不是被燒掉就是被扔到叢林里，而叢林里致病的蚊蟲和真菌靠攫取這些高糖分的內(nèi)芯生存。
But hidden in pineapple peels is a treasure—of nanomaterials. Scientists at Costa Rica’s National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC) have been extracting valuable nanocellulose from the peel and stubble of the pineapple. This nanocellulose?can be used in the pharmaceutical, food and medical industries.
然而，藏在菠蘿皮里的物質(zhì)是珍貴的納米材料。哥斯達黎加國家納米技術(shù)實驗室(LANOTEC)的科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)在菠蘿的果皮和切口處提取出珍貴的納米纖維了。這種納米纖維可以應(yīng)用到制藥、食品和醫(yī)療行業(yè)中。
And it turns out that, while harvesting that nanocellulose, you can also get rosettelike silica-based microparticles. These tiny traces have potential as reinforcement in adhesives, in the biomedical field, and even as a source of silica for fertilizers. Scientists from LANOTEC describe these applications in the journal?Scientific Reports. [Yendry R. Corrales-Ure?a et al.,?Biogenic silica-based microparticles obtained as a sub-product of the nanocellulose extraction process rom pineapple peels]
結(jié)果證明，在收獲這種納米纖維的同時還能獲得玫瑰狀的二氧化硅微粒。這些微小顆粒有潛力應(yīng)用到粘合劑制造業(yè)、生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域甚至是化肥加工業(yè)。哥斯達黎加國家納米技術(shù)實驗室的科學(xué)家們將這些應(yīng)用發(fā)表在《科學(xué)報告》雜志上。
José R. Vega-Baudrit is the director of LANOTEC and one of the authors of the paper. “Pineapple residue is something that has been studied a lot, but nobody had seen this particle in the skin of the fruit.”
何塞·r.·維加-博德里（José R. Vega-Baudrit）是哥斯達黎加國家納米技術(shù)實驗室的負責(zé)人和報告的作者之一。他說：“菠蘿肥料的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)被研究了很久，但沒有人曾經(jīng)在這種水果的表皮發(fā)現(xiàn)這種物質(zhì)。”
It was chemical engineer and material scientist?Yendry Corrales-Ure?a?who noticed the silica-based microparticles.
正是身為化學(xué)工程師和材料科學(xué)家的閆德利·科拉萊斯-烏雷納（Yendry Corrales-Ure?a）發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種玫瑰型的二氧化硅微粒。
“I began to study the plant, to make the cuts, to see what it had, and incredibly, after doing the synthesis, I began to see those rosettes, like flowers, that did not fall apart under duress. It was wonderful. We had thousands, millions, of the same structures left over.”
“我開始研究這種植物，制造切口，觀察里面有什么，然后讓我驚訝的是，做了合成之后我看到了那種像花一樣的玫瑰型物質(zhì)，它不會因為碾壓而分散。這太神奇了。我們留下了千萬個有相同結(jié)構(gòu)的物質(zhì)。”
The pineapple silica differs from silica nanospheres that are synthesized in labs for various applications.
菠蘿二氧化硅與那些應(yīng)用很廣的實驗室二氧化硅納米球不同。
YCU: “This is a silica that the pineapple plant processes on its own, and it is of very high purity.”
閆德利·科拉萊斯-烏雷納說：“這是一種菠蘿自身合成的二氧化硅，純度很高。”
Most commercial fertilizers use silica. And Corrales-Ure?a’s main interest in the rosettelike silica-based microparticles is as a fertilizer component. The next steps in that line of research will be to determine if parts other than the peels also have silica nanoparticles, and to develop an efficient fertilizer using them.
大多商用化肥含有二氧化硅。閆德利·科拉萊斯-烏雷納主要感興趣的是玫瑰型二氧化硅微粒作為化肥原料的效用。研究計劃的下一步將會確定菠蘿除了皮之外的其他部分是否也會含有二氧化硅納米顆粒，以及怎樣利用它們研發(fā)出一種高效的化肥。
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